Detection and characterization are presented here as the two core analytical tasks used to study coordinated online behavior, from identifying coordinated actors or actions to interpreting the resulting evidence.
The analytical process of studying coordinated online behavior, involving the detection and characterization tasks. The input to the overall process is a set of users 𝑈 and their activities 𝐻 on one or more platforms. The output of the detection task is either a set of binary labels 𝐵, clusters 𝐶, or network communities 𝐺 that differentiate coordinated and non-coordinated users. The characterization task receives these in input and outputs a set of indicators 𝑀.Figure 7 in survey
